The influence of Cola nitida on Testosterone and Progesterone Concentrations in the Overweight Humans under Resting Condition
Abstract views: 84
/ 
PDF downloads: 22
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61705/rmg8mc16Keywords:
testosterone, progesterone, radio-immunoassayAbstract
In quest of a stimulant to cope with rather challenging activities, some individuals take to the consumption of Cola nitida. The most active ingredient, caffeine, could be responsible for the physiological or clinical effects of Cola nitida in humans. Such a practice could culminate in the abuse of the said substance. Caffeine might alter hormonal profiles and thereby affect menstrual function, which might have a direct bearing on fertility. Amongst other factors, testosterone and progesterone are important to the chances of fertility in the humans. Besides, it has been well documented that the probability of pregnancy is reduced by 5% per unit of body mass index exceeding 29 kg/m2. From some published evidences of the high prevalence of infertility nowadays, the need for this study was thereby necessitated. Here we report the influence of Cola nitida on testosterone and progesterone concentrations in the overweight humans under resting condition in Ambrose Alli University. Twenty (20) overweight volunteers (10 males and 10 females) and non-habitual Cola nitida chewers, aged 18-28 years were used for the study. 0.5g/kg body weight of Cola nitida was administered to each subject to be chewed as a bolus. After ingestion, 50ml of water was given to each volunteer to flush the masticated Cola nitida down the gut. The subject was allowed to rest for 90 minutes. Blood sample was collected from the medial cubital vein using vacutainer syringe. The radio-immunoassay principle was used for the estimation of testosterone and progesterone levels. The results showed that Cola nitida consumption by the overweight male and female subjects significantly (P<0.05) increased serum level of progesterone in the females (from 0.730 ± 0.065 ng/ml to 2.880 ± 0.083 ng/ml) and decreased serum testosterone level in the males (from 5.600 ± 0.382 ng/ml to 2.340 ± 0.157 ng/ml). We show that Cola nitida, at the specific dosage, could increase the chances of fertility in females but not in the male overweight subjects.
References
Russel, T.A. (1955). The kola nut of Wet Africa World crops, 7: 221-225.
Purgesleve, J.W. (1977). Tropical Crops Dicotiledons Longman’s London, 564-612.
Chukwu, O., Opara, O., Ogwurumba, U. A., Isiaka, A. B., Uzoka, U. H., Omoyeni, T. M., ... & Udoma, B. H. (2006). Health and environmental benefits of phytochemicals and antibacterial effectiveness of Cola nitida seed extracts on Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli. GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 26(2), 044-058.
Mednick, A.A., Herbison, G.P, Showell, M. and Farquhar, CM.( 2008). The impact of body mass index on semen parameters and reproduc- tive hormones in human males: a systematic review with meta- analysis. Human Reprod Update, 16:293-311.
Weathersbee, P.S. and Lodge, J.R. (1977). Caffeine: its direct and indirect influence on reproduction. J Reprod Med,19: 55-63
Rall, T.W. (1990). Drugs used in the treatment of asthma.The methylxanthines, cromolyn sodium, and other agents. In: Goodman Gilman A, Rall TW, Nies AS, et al., eds. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. Eighth ed. New York, NY: Pergamon press, 25.
Harlow, S.D. and Ephross, S.A. (1995). Epidemiology of menstruation and its relevance to women’s health.Epidemiol Rev,17: 265-286.
Bolumar, F, Olsen, J. and Rebagliato, M. (1997). Caffeine intake and delayed conception: a European multicenter study on infertility and subfecundity.145: 324-334
Alderette, E., Eskenazi, B. and Sholtz, R. (1995).Effect of cigarette smoking and coffee drinking on time to conception.Epidemiology6: 403-408
Joesoef M, Beral V and Rolfs, R. (1990). Are caffeinated beverages risk factors for delayed conception.Lancet, 335: 136-137.
Olsen J. (1991). Cigarette smoking, tea and coffee drinking, and subfecundity. Am J Epidemiol,133: 734-739
Lucero SD, Ephross SA. (2001). Epidemiology of menstruation and its relevance to women’s health.Epidemiol Rev,17: 265-286.
Igbinovia, E. N. S., Edebiri, O. E., Omodiagbe, O., Edwin, E. E., Blackies, H. O. T., Turay, A. A., & Ohiwerei, W. O. (2020). The Influence of Cola Nitida on Testosterone and Progesterone Concentrations in the Normal Weight Humans under Resting Condition in Ambrose Alli University. Clinical Medicine And Health Research Journal, 3(2), 329-335.
Chukwu L.U., Odiete W.O. and Briggs, L.S. (2006). Basal Metabolic Responses and Rhythmic Activity of Mammalian Hearts to Aqueous Kola nut extracts. African Journal of Biotechnology,5(5):484–486.
Artfield, M. M. (1985). Proximate and mineral compositions of different species of kola nuts.
Omorede, D., Mattsson, Å., Schalling, D., and Löw, H. (2016). Circulating testosterone levels and aggression in adolescent males: A causal analysis.Psychosomatic Medicine, 50, 261-272.
Obika, L.F.O., Babatunde, E.O., Akoni, F.A., Adeeko, A.O., Nsaho, J., Reza, H. and Williams, S.A. (1996). Kola nut (kola nitida) enhances anti-diuretic activity in young dehydrated subjects. International Journal of Phytotherapy Research, 10: 563-568.
Igwe, S. A., Akunyili, D. N., & Ikonne, E. U. (2007). Ocular effects of acute ingestion of Cola nitida (Linn) on healthy adult volunteers. African Vision and Eye Health, 66(1), 19-23.
Umoh, R. E., Schaal, B., Boulerice, B., Arseneault, L., Soussignan, R. G., Paquette, D., and Laurent, D. (2014).Testosterone, physical aggression, dominance, and physical development in early adolescence.International Journal of Behavior Development, 22, 753-777.
Armstrong, B.G, McDonald, A.D., and Sloan, M. Cigarette, alcohol and coffee consumption and spontaneous abortion. Am J Public Health, 82:85–87.
Infante-Rivard, C., Fernandez, A, Gauthier, R., David, M. and Rivard, G.E (1993). Fetal loss associated with caffeine intake before and during pregnancy. JAMA, 270:2940–2943.
Tende, J.A., Ezekiel, I., Dare, S.S., Okpanachi, A.O., Kemuma, S.O. and Goji, A.D.(2011). Study of the effect of aqueous extract of kola nut (Cola nitida) on gastric acid secretion and ulcer in white wistar rats. Br J Pharmacol Toxicol, 2:132–134.
Smith, A.(2002).Effects of caffeine on human behaviour.Food Chem Toxicol,40:1243–1255.
Eijnatten ML, Kim, S., Chen, Z., Sundaram, R., Schisterman, E.F, Buck Louis G.M.(1973). Th e relationship between male BMI and waist circumference on semen quality: data from the LIFE study. Hum Reprod.29:193-200.
Fenster, L., Quale, C., Waller, K., Windham, G.C., Elkin, E.P., Benowitz, N. and Swan, S.H. (1999).Caffeine con- sumption and menstrual function.American Journal of Epidemiology, 149(6), 550-557.
Benowitz, N. L. (1990). Pharmacology of ephedra alkaloids and caffeine after single‐dose dietary supplement use. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 71(6), 421-432.
Wilson, B., Rosenfeld, R. S., Friedman, M., Byers, S. O., Rosenman, R. H., and Hellman, L. (1983). Elevated daytime urinary excretion of testosterone glucuronide in men with the Type A behavior pattern. Psychosomatic Medicine, 46: 223-225.
Polan, K, Heiskanen, N, and Heinonen, S.( 1983). Transition from over- weight to obesity worsens pregnancy outcome in a BMI dependant manner. Obesity, 14: 165-171.
Miller, C.A., Anderson, L.A. and Philipson, J.D. (1994). Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Health CareProfessionals London. The Pharmaceutical Press, Pp.199- 200.
Picanco, A., Gaarslev, C., Hougaard, C.O., Nyboe Andersen, A., Andersen, P.K, and Boivin, J, (1989). Influence of female bodyweight on IVF outcome: a longitudinal multicentre cohort study of 487 infertile couples. Reprod Biomed Online.23:490-499
Gilbert, B. and Rice, K. (1991).Hormonal response to competition in human males.Aggressive Behavior,15: 409-422.
London N., Cavaliere H., Knobel M., Halpern A. and Medeiros-Neto G. 1991. Decreased Androgen Levels in Massively Obese Men May Be Associated With Impaired Function of The Gonadostat. International Journal Obstructed Related Metabolism Disorder,24(11): 1433-1437.
Ferrini, E.I.M., and Barrett, R. (1996).Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and caffeine intake and fecundability.Prev Med23: 175-180
Cooper, C. O., Adikwu, M. U., Nworu, C. S., Okoye, F. B., & Odimegwu, D. C. (1992). Adaptogenic potentials of Camellia sinensis leaves, Garcinia kola and Kola nitida seeds.
Westhoff, X., Odouli, R. and Li, D. (1996) Maternal caffeine consumption during pregnancy and the risk of miscar- riage: A prospective cohort study. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology,198(3): 271-278.
Stanton CK, Gray RH.(1995). Effects of caffeine consumption on delayed consumption. Am J Epidemiol, 142: 1322-1329
Meyer, M. P., Watts, D. P., and Whitten, P. L. (1997). Dominance rank and fecal testosterone levels in adult male chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda.American Journal of Primatology,64: 71- 82.
Parkhurst, A.M., Korn, N., Thurston, R.J.(2000).The effects of methylxanthines on the mobility of stored turkey sperm.Poult Sci,79:1803–1809
de Swiet, Y., Bonsson, B., Traore, M. S., Gbedie, N. A., Akaffou, D. S., Sie, R. S., & Keli, Z. J. (2002). Évaluation de la diversité agro-morphologique d’accessions de colatiers (Cola nitida (Vent.) Schott et Endlicher) collectées au Sud et au Sud-Ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire. Journal of Applied Biosciences, 122, 12296-12308.
Seeley, R, Stephens T, Tate P. 6th ed. Mc Graw: Hill Publishers; Anatomy and Physiology; pp. 1017–30.
Ferin, G., Borgkvist, A. and Usiello, A. (1993). "Caffeine as a psychomotor stimulant: mechanism of action". Cellular and Molecular Life Science,61 (78): 857–872.
Hackney, J. T. (1996).Dominance and testosterone in women. Biological Psychology, 58:41-47.
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Medical Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All papers should be submitted electronically. All submitted manuscripts must be original work that is not under submission at another journal or under consideration for publication in another form, such as a monograph or chapter of a book. Authors of submitted papers are obligated not to submit their paper for publication elsewhere until an editorial decision is rendered on their submission. Further, authors of accepted papers are prohibited from publishing the results in other publications that appear before the paper is published in the Journal unless they receive approval for doing so from the Editor-In-Chief.
IJMR open access articles are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. This license lets the audience to give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made and if they remix, transform, or build upon the material, they must distribute contributions under the same license as the original.
