Comparative Analysis of Early High-Dose vs. Low-Dose Amino Acid Infusion on Growth and Clinical Outcomes in Preterm Very Low Birth Weight Infants
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61705/9spard31Keywords:
weight increase, preterm births, amino acid infusion, extremely low birth weight, nutritional supportAbstract
Background: Because of their underdeveloped organ systems and decreased nutritional reserves, preterm very low birth weight (VLBW) babies have a higher risk of morbidity and death. Although the ideal amount and timing of amino acid infusion are still up for debate, it is an essential part of the nutritional support provided to these newborns.
Goal: To assess how early high-dose versus low-dose amino acid infusion affects weight gain, biomarkers, and clinical outcomes in prematurely born very small babies.
Methods: In a tertiary newborn intensive care unit, a randomized controlled experiment was carried out. During the first 24 hours of life, infants were randomly assigned to receive an early high dosage (3.5-4.5 g/kg/day) or low dose (1.5-2.5 g/kg/day) amino acid infusion. This treatment was given for four weeks. Gaining weight during a 4-week period was the main result. Serum amino acid levels, glucose levels, urea levels, length of hospital stay, sepsis incidence, and necrotizing enterocolitis incidence were among the secondary outcomes.
Findings: The study comprised 120 premature VLBW newborns in total. Compared to infants in the low dosage group, those in the high dose group showed a considerably higher rate of weight growth (20.5 grams/day vs. 15.0 grams/day, p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the levels of glucose (70 mg/dL vs. 68 mg/dL, p=0.12), but there was a significant increase in the levels of urea (26 mg/dL vs. 21 mg/dL, p<0.001) and serum amino acid (155 μmol/L vs. 120 μmol/L, p<0.001). The high dose group saw a decreased incidence of sepsis (10% vs. 20%, p<0.001) and a shorter hospital stay (28 days vs. 32 days, p<0.001). In neither group were any incidences of necrotizing enterocolitis recorded.
Conclusion: Compared to low dosage infusion, early high dose amino acid infusion in preterm VLBW infants results in greater weight gain, improved biochemical indicators, and decreased clinical consequences. In this susceptible population, high dosage amino acid infusion might be more successful in encouraging optimal growth and enhancing clinical results. To validate these results and investigate the long-term consequences of an early high-dose amino acid infusion, more investigation is required.
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